2011年6月23日星期四

This allowed time for the receptors to migrate to their appointed synapses

Numeracy tasks could include exercises where pupils have to split a restaurant bill by Buy Cheap Rosetta Stone
sliding visual representations of money into a group space.After testing the system with students of all ages, the software will be available to schools for free as open source code.TEL in Computing is the largest funded research study to look at multi-touch interactive systems for education. £1.5 million has been awarded to Durham researchers who will design the system and software, and test it with students from primary and secondary schools, and university students over the next 4 years.Dr. Andrew Hatch from Durham's Technology-Enhanced Learning Research Group adds: It changes the move-to-use principle; instead the computer becomes part of the desk. It's a practical change that will provide a creative interface for life-long learning for all students!The Computing Department at Durham University leads TEL and England's only Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL) in Computer Science, called Active Learning in Computing (ALiC). This centre seeks to facilitate a shift towards far higher levels of active student engagement, where knowledge is obtained by sharing, problem-solving and creating, rather than by passive listening. Providing novel facilities and encouraging new ways of working will be a central focus.Example: Click here to see how the new desks Rosetta Stone French
work: smart.dur.ac.uk/index.php?n=Main.MultitouchPageThe Active Learning in Computing research is funded by the EPSRC - Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; the ESRC - Economic and social research council, and the TLRP - Teaching and learning research programme. This allowed time for the receptors to migrate to their appointed synapses. Hours later, green fluorescence revealed the fate of the specific AMPA receptors born in response to the learning.As expected, the newly synthesized AMPA receptors had traveled and become part of only certain hippocampus synapses -- presumably the ones holding the memory.Synaptic connections are made onto small nubs on the neuron called spines.These spines come in three different shapes called thin, stubby and mushroom.While little was known about the function of these differently shaped spines, the fact that they are altered in various forms of mental retardation, like Fragile-X syndrome, suggests a critical importance in mental function.The researchers discovered the synapses that received the AMPA receptors with memory were limited to the mushroom type.The mushroom spines also figured prominently in the same neurons when the fear conditioning was reversed by repeatedly exposing the animals to the feared situation without getting shocked -- a procedure called extinction learning. This indicated that the same neurons activated when a fear is learned are also activated when it is lost. The surge in mushroom spine capture of the receptors appeared within hours of learning and was gone after Rosetta Stone German
a few days, but appeared to be critical for cementing the memory.*Journal reference: Matsuo N, Reijmers L, Mayford M.

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